Specific developmental disorder

Specific developmental disorders (SDDs) are a group of psychiatric conditions originating in childhood that involve serious impairment in different areas. These disorders comprise language disorders, learning disorders, motor disorders and autism spectrum disorders. SDDs are also known as Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs).

Definition

Specific developmental disorders are defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as conditions with onset in the developmental period that produce significant distress or impairment in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.

Types

There are several types of specific developmental disorders, including:

• Language disorder: This disorder involves difficulties in the acquisition and use of language due to deficits in comprehension or production.
• Learning disorders: These disorders involve persistent difficulties in reading, writing, arithmetic, or mathematical reasoning skills during formal years of schooling.
• Motor disorders: These disorders involve difficulty in the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills and include conditions such as Developmental Coordination Disorder and Stereotypic Movement Disorder.
• Autism Spectrum Disorders: These disorders are characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of specific developmental disorders is based on the child's history, behavior, and performance on standardized tests. The DSM-5 provides criteria for diagnosing these disorders.

Treatment

Treatment for specific developmental disorders depends on the type of disorder and the individual child's needs. It may include special education, speech therapy, physical therapy, medication, or a combination of these.

See also

• Childhood disorder
• Neurodevelopmental disorder
• Mental disorder