Splenic abscess

Splenic Abscess is a rare, life-threatening condition characterized by the formation of a pocket of pus in the spleen. It is often associated with underlying conditions such as infective endocarditis, immunodeficiency, malignancy, or trauma.

Etiology

The most common cause of splenic abscess is hematogenous spread of infection from other sites in the body. Other causes include direct spread from adjacent infections, septic emboli, and trauma. The most common organisms isolated from splenic abscesses are Escherichia coli and Streptococcus species.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with splenic abscess typically present with fever, left upper quadrant pain, and leukocytosis. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and anemia. On physical examination, splenomegaly may be noted.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of splenic abscess is often challenging due to its nonspecific clinical presentation. Imaging studies such as ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan are commonly used. On CT scan, splenic abscess appears as a low-attenuation lesion with peripheral enhancement.

Treatment

Treatment of splenic abscess typically involves both antibiotics and drainage. Antibiotics are used to control the infection, while drainage, either percutaneous or surgical, is performed to remove the abscess. In severe cases, splenectomy may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis of splenic abscess is generally poor, with a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis.

See Also

• Spleen
• Abscess
• Infective endocarditis
• Immunodeficiency
• Malignancy
• Trauma