Mononucleosis

Mononucleosis, also known as mono, is an infectious disease usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Other viruses can also cause mononucleosis.

Symptoms and signs

The most common symptoms of mononucleosis are fatigue, sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Other symptoms may include swollen liver or spleen, and sometimes a rash. The symptoms usually begin 4 to 6 weeks after exposure to the virus and can last for up to two months.

Causes

Mononucleosis is primarily caused by the Epstein–Barr virus, which is spread through bodily fluids, especially saliva. However, other viruses, such as Cytomegalovirus, can also cause mononucleosis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of mononucleosis is typically based on the symptoms and confirmed by blood tests. The Monospot test is a rapid test for mononucleosis due to EBV.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for mononucleosis. Relief of symptoms is the main focus of treatment. This can include adequate hydration, rest, and over-the-counter medications for pain and fever.

Prognosis

Most people recover from mononucleosis within 2 to 4 weeks, but fatigue may last longer. Serious complications are rare.

Prevention

There is no vaccine for the Epstein–Barr virus. Prevention involves avoiding close contact with people who have mononucleosis or their saliva.

See also

• Epstein–Barr virus
• Cytomegalovirus
• Monospot test

Mononucleosis Resources
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