Steam-engine

Steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force is transformed, by a connecting rod and flywheel, into rotational force for work.

History

The first recorded rudimentary steam engine was the aeolipile described by Heron of Alexandria in the 1st century AD. Starting in the 12th century, a number of steam-powered devices were developed, showing the potential of steam power. The significant breakthrough occurred in the 17th century with the invention of the first modern steam engine by Thomas Savery.

Types of Steam Engines

There are two fundamental types of steam engines: the steam turbine and the reciprocating engine. The reciprocating engine is further classified into the single-acting and double-acting steam engines.

Reciprocating Engine

In a reciprocating engine, the piston and cylinder type of steam engine, steam is introduced into a cylinder by a valve, where it expands and pushes a piston. The steam is then exhausted, and the cycle repeats.

Steam Turbine

A steam turbine operates on the principle of impulse and reaction. Steam is directed against turbine blades, causing them to turn.

Applications

Steam engines have been used in a wide range of applications, including locomotives, steamships, and factories. They were essential to the Industrial Revolution and modern industrialization.

See Also

• History of the steam engine
• Timeline of steam power
• Steam locomotive
• Steamship
• Industrial Revolution