Stein–Leventhal syndrome

Stein–Leventhal syndrome, also known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), is a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The syndrome is named after Irving F. Stein Sr. and Michael L. Leventhal, who first described the condition in 1935.

Symptoms

Women with Stein–Leventhal syndrome may experience a variety of symptoms, including irregular menstrual periods, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), acne, and obesity. Some women may also have difficulty conceiving due to anovulation (lack of ovulation).

Causes

The exact cause of Stein–Leventhal syndrome is unknown, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, is often present in women with the syndrome. This can lead to higher levels of insulin in the blood, which can cause the ovaries to produce too much androgen, a type of hormone.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Stein–Leventhal syndrome is based on the presence of at least two of the following three criteria: Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound, irregular or absent menstrual periods, and clinical or biochemical signs of high androgen levels. Other potential causes of these symptoms must be ruled out before a diagnosis can be made.

Treatment

Treatment for Stein–Leventhal syndrome focuses on managing individual symptoms, as there is currently no cure. This may include lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, to improve insulin resistance and reduce the risk of diabetes. Medications may also be used to regulate menstrual periods, reduce androgen levels, and assist with fertility.

See also

• Endocrine system
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Insulin resistance
• Anovulation

Stein–Leventhal syndrome Resources
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