Steroid hormone
(Redirected from Steroid Hormone)
Steroid hormone is a type of hormone that is chemically classified as a steroid. Steroid hormones are synthesized primarily in the adrenal gland and gonads. They regulate a wide range of physiological functions, including metabolism, immune response, and reproduction.
Structure and synthesis[edit | edit source]
Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol. The synthesis of steroid hormones involves a series of chemical reactions that modify the cholesterol molecule. The process begins in the mitochondria, where cholesterol is converted into pregnenolone by the enzyme P450scc. Pregnenolone then serves as the precursor for all other steroid hormones.
Types of steroid hormones[edit | edit source]
There are five major classes of steroid hormones: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and progestogens. Each class has distinct physiological effects.
Glucocorticoids[edit | edit source]
Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, regulate glucose metabolism and immune response. They are produced in the adrenal cortex.
Mineralocorticoids[edit | edit source]
Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, regulate electrolyte and water balance. They are also produced in the adrenal cortex.
Androgens[edit | edit source]
Androgens, such as testosterone, are responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. They are produced in the testes.
Estrogens[edit | edit source]
Estrogens, such as estradiol, are responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics. They are produced in the ovaries.
Progestogens[edit | edit source]
Progestogens, such as progesterone, prepare the uterus for pregnancy. They are also produced in the ovaries.
Function[edit | edit source]
Steroid hormones exert their effects by binding to specific intracellular receptors. The hormone-receptor complex then translocates to the nucleus, where it regulates the transcription of target genes.
See also[edit | edit source]
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