Subgaleal hematoma

Subgaleal Hematoma is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of blood in the subgaleal space, an area located between the galea aponeurotica and the periosteum of the skull. This condition is most commonly seen in newborns and infants, but can occur in adults as well.

Causes

Subgaleal Hematoma is often caused by trauma to the head, particularly during childbirth. The use of instruments such as forceps or vacuum extraction during delivery can result in damage to the blood vessels in the subgaleal space, leading to bleeding and the formation of a hematoma. Other causes can include falls, accidents, or any other form of blunt force trauma to the head.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of a Subgaleal Hematoma is a swelling or bulge on the head, which can vary in size depending on the extent of the bleeding. Other symptoms can include pallor, tachycardia, hypotension, and in severe cases, shock due to blood loss.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Subgaleal Hematoma is typically made through a physical examination and medical history. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may also be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the hematoma.

Treatment

Treatment for Subgaleal Hematoma primarily involves managing the symptoms and preventing further bleeding. This can include blood transfusion if there is significant blood loss, and in severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to drain the hematoma. Pain management and close monitoring of the patient's vital signs are also important aspects of treatment.

Prognosis

The prognosis for Subgaleal Hematoma depends on the severity of the condition and the patient's overall health. With prompt and appropriate treatment, most patients recover fully. However, in severe cases, complications such as anemia, jaundice, and hypovolemic shock can occur.

See Also

• Hematoma
• Head trauma
• Childbirth
• Blood transfusion