Sunscreens
Sunscreens
Sunscreens are topical products designed to protect the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. They are an essential component of skin cancer prevention and are widely used to prevent sunburn and photoaging.
Composition[edit | edit source]
Sunscreens contain active ingredients that absorb, reflect, or scatter UV radiation. These ingredients are classified into two main categories:
Organic Filters[edit | edit source]
Organic filters, also known as chemical absorbers, absorb UV radiation and convert it into a small amount of heat. Common organic filters include:
Inorganic Filters[edit | edit source]
Inorganic filters, also known as physical blockers, reflect and scatter UV radiation. The most common inorganic filters are:
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Sunscreens work by forming a protective barrier on the skin's surface. Organic filters absorb UV radiation, while inorganic filters reflect and scatter it. This prevents the UV rays from penetrating the skin and causing damage to the DNA in skin cells.
Types of Sunscreens[edit | edit source]
Sunscreens are available in various forms, including:
- Lotions
- Creams
- Gels
- Sprays
- Sticks
Each form has its own advantages and is suitable for different skin types and activities.
Sun Protection Factor (SPF)[edit | edit source]
The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a measure of how well a sunscreen protects the skin from UVB rays, the type of radiation that causes sunburn. The SPF number indicates how much longer a person can stay in the sun without getting sunburned compared to unprotected skin. For example, an SPF 30 sunscreen allows a person to stay in the sun 30 times longer than without protection.
Application and Usage[edit | edit source]
For effective protection, sunscreens should be applied generously and evenly to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapplication is necessary every two hours, or more frequently if swimming or sweating.
Safety and Efficacy[edit | edit source]
Sunscreens are generally considered safe for most people. However, some individuals may experience allergic reactions or skin irritation. It is important to choose a sunscreen that is appropriate for one's skin type and to perform a patch test if using a new product.
Environmental Impact[edit | edit source]
Certain sunscreen ingredients, such as oxybenzone and octinoxate, have been found to harm coral reefs and marine life. As a result, some regions have banned sunscreens containing these ingredients. Consumers are encouraged to use reef-safe sunscreens when swimming in the ocean.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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