Synovial osteochondromatosis

Synovial Osteochondromatosis is a rare, benign condition characterized by the presence of cartilaginous nodules in the synovium of a joint, tendon sheath or bursa. These nodules can detach and become loose bodies within the joint space. This condition is also known as synovial chondromatosis.

Etiology

The exact cause of synovial osteochondromatosis is unknown. It is thought to occur due to metaplasia of the synovial tissue into cartilage. Some researchers believe it may be related to trauma or inflammation, but this is not proven.

Symptoms

Patients with synovial osteochondromatosis typically present with pain, swelling and limited range of motion in the affected joint. The knee is the most commonly affected joint, followed by the hip, elbow, shoulder, ankle and wrist. Symptoms can vary depending on the size and number of loose bodies.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of synovial osteochondromatosis is usually made based on clinical presentation and imaging studies. X-ray may show multiple, well-defined, round or oval calcified bodies. MRI is more sensitive and can detect early lesions that are not calcified.

Treatment

Treatment of synovial osteochondromatosis is primarily surgical. The goal of surgery is to remove the loose bodies and the diseased synovium to prevent recurrence. In some cases, joint replacement may be necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for synovial osteochondromatosis is generally good. However, recurrence is common and can occur in up to 50% of cases. There is also a small risk of malignant transformation into chondrosarcoma, but this is rare.

See Also

• Osteochondroma
• Chondrosarcoma
• Synovium

References

Synovial osteochondromatosis Resources
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