Tarsal coalition

Tarsal Coalition is a congenital condition characterized by an abnormal connection, or coalition, between two or more tarsal bones in the foot. This condition, which can result in limited foot movement and pain, is typically present at birth but may not manifest symptoms until adolescence.

Etiology

Tarsal Coalition is believed to be caused by an error in the differentiation process during fetal development. This results in a failure of the tarsal bones to separate completely, leading to a coalition. The exact cause of this error is not known, but it is thought to be influenced by genetic factors.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Tarsal Coalition typically do not appear until the bones begin to mature, usually in late childhood or early adolescence. Symptoms may include pain, stiffness, and fatigue in the foot, particularly following physical activity. In severe cases, the affected individual may exhibit an abnormal gait or flatfoot deformity.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Tarsal Coalition is typically made through a combination of physical examination and imaging studies. X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs can all be used to visualize the coalition and assess its size and location.

Treatment

Treatment for Tarsal Coalition depends on the severity of the symptoms and the size and location of the coalition. Non-surgical treatments may include physical therapy, orthotic devices, and anti-inflammatory medications. In cases where non-surgical treatments are ineffective, surgery may be required to remove the coalition and restore normal foot function.

See also

• Tarsal bones
• Coalition (biology)