Tissue banks

Tissue Banks are specialized facilities that store and distribute human tissue for the purposes of transplantation, research, and education. Tissue banks can store a wide variety of tissues, including skin, bone, heart valves, and corneas. The process of tissue banking involves the collection, processing, storage, and distribution of tissue.

History

The concept of tissue banking dates back to the early 20th century, when the first blood bank was established. The development of tissue banks was driven by the need for tissue grafts in surgery and the growing field of transplant medicine.

Collection

Tissue collection for tissue banks is a highly regulated process. It involves obtaining consent from the donor or their next of kin, followed by a thorough medical and social history review. The tissue is then surgically removed in a sterile environment to minimize the risk of contamination.

Processing

Once the tissue is collected, it is processed to ensure its safety and efficacy. This can involve cleaning the tissue, removing excess fat and connective tissue, and treating it with antibiotics. The tissue may also be tested for infectious diseases.

Storage

Tissue banks store tissues at very low temperatures to preserve their viability. This is typically done using cryopreservation, a process that involves freezing the tissue in a solution containing a cryoprotectant to protect the tissue from damage.

Distribution

Tissue banks distribute tissues to hospitals and research institutions. The distribution process involves matching the tissue type and size to the recipient's needs, and ensuring the tissue is transported in a manner that maintains its viability.

Regulation

Tissue banks are regulated by various national and international agencies to ensure the safety and quality of the tissues they distribute. In the United States, for example, tissue banks are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Challenges and Future Directions

Tissue banks face several challenges, including the need for more donors, the high cost of tissue processing and storage, and the need for improved methods of tissue preservation. Future directions for tissue banking may include the use of stem cells and tissue engineering to create custom-made tissues and organs.