Trochlear dysplasia

Trochlear Dysplasia is a condition characterized by a malformation or deformity of the trochlea, a groove in the thigh bone (femur) where the patella (kneecap) sits. This condition can lead to patellar instability, knee pain, and osteoarthritis. Trochlear dysplasia is a significant factor in the development of patellofemoral pain syndrome and is often diagnosed through imaging techniques such as MRI or X-ray.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of trochlear dysplasia is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to genetic factors and abnormal knee mechanics. Individuals with a family history of knee problems may be at a higher risk. Additionally, certain activities or sports that place excessive stress on the knee joint can exacerbate the condition.

Symptoms

Symptoms of trochlear dysplasia include:

• Anterior knee pain
• Sensation of knee instability or the knee "giving way"
• Patellar dislocations or subluxations
• Difficulty with knee extension

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of trochlear dysplasia involves a physical examination and the use of imaging techniques. An X-ray can reveal the shape of the trochlea and the alignment of the patella, while an MRI provides detailed images of the soft tissues and cartilage. The Dejour classification system is commonly used to categorize the severity of trochlear dysplasia based on these imaging findings.

Treatment

Treatment options for trochlear dysplasia vary depending on the severity of the condition and the symptoms presented. Non-surgical treatments include:

• Physical therapy to strengthen the muscles around the knee
• Use of knee braces or orthotic devices
• Pain management with NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

In cases where non-surgical treatments are ineffective, surgical options may be considered. These can include:

• Lateral release surgery to relieve tension on the patella
• Tibial tubercle transfer to realign the patella
• Trochleoplasty to reshape the trochlea

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, individuals with trochlear dysplasia can often manage their symptoms and maintain an active lifestyle. However, it is important to address the condition early to prevent further joint damage and the development of osteoarthritis.

See Also

• Patellofemoral pain syndrome
• Knee osteoarthritis
• Patellar dislocation