Tubo-ovarian abscess
A collection of pus in the fallopian tube and ovary
Tubo-ovarian abscess[edit | edit source]
A tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a type of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) characterized by a collection of pus that involves a fallopian tube and ovary. It is a serious condition that can lead to severe complications if not treated promptly.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Tubo-ovarian abscesses are often caused by bacterial infections. The most common bacteria involved are those associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Other bacteria, including anaerobic bacteria like Bacteroides fragilis, can also be involved.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of a tubo-ovarian abscess can include severe pelvic pain, fever, vaginal discharge, and nausea. Some women may also experience irregular menstrual bleeding or pain during intercourse.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of a tubo-ovarian abscess typically involves a combination of clinical examination, ultrasound imaging, and sometimes CT scans or MRI. Blood tests may show elevated white blood cell counts and markers of inflammation.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment usually involves antibiotic therapy to address the underlying infection. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain the abscess. This can be done through laparoscopy or laparotomy.
Complications[edit | edit source]
If left untreated, a tubo-ovarian abscess can lead to serious complications such as sepsis, infertility, or chronic pelvic pain. It is crucial to seek medical attention if symptoms suggestive of TOA occur.
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Preventive measures include practicing safe sex, regular screening for STIs, and prompt treatment of any pelvic infections to prevent progression to TOA.
Related pages[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
External links[edit | edit source]
Sites of tubo-ovarian abscess
Bacteroides fragilis under Gram stain
Tubo-ovarian abscess
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
