White blood cell count

White blood cell count is a medical test that measures the number of white blood cells (WBCs) in a volume of blood. The test, which is often part of a complete blood count (CBC), can help detect infections, inflammation, allergies, and conditions such as leukemia.

Overview

White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are an essential part of the immune system. They help the body fight off infections and other diseases. The white blood cell count is a key indicator of the body's overall health and immune function.

Types of White Blood Cells

There are five main types of white blood cells, each with a different function in the immune system. These include neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

Normal Range

The normal range for a white blood cell count varies slightly among different laboratories. However, it generally falls between 4,500 and 11,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood.

High and Low Counts

A high white blood cell count, or leukocytosis, can indicate an infection, inflammation, an allergic reaction, or a disease such as leukemia. A low white blood cell count, or leukopenia, can indicate a bone marrow problem, an autoimmune condition, or the presence of a disease that can destroy white blood cells.

Test Procedure

The white blood cell count is typically performed as part of a complete blood count (CBC). The test involves drawing a small amount of blood from a vein, usually in the arm.

Risks and Complications

The risks associated with a white blood cell count are minimal and may include slight bleeding at the puncture site or fainting during blood draw.

See Also

• Complete blood count
• Leukocytosis
• Leukopenia

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