Impaired glucose tolerance
Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) is a prediabetic state of hyperglycemia that is associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. It may precede type 2 diabetes by many years. IGT is also a risk factor for mortality.
Definition[edit | edit source]
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA), impaired glucose tolerance is defined as:
- Fasting plasma glucose less than 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) AND
- 2-hour plasma glucose between 7.8 mmol/l (140 mg/dl) and 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl) during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT).
Causes[edit | edit source]
The exact causes of impaired glucose tolerance are not known, but it is believed to be a combination of lifestyle factors and genetics. Some of the potential causes include:
- Obesity
- Lack of physical activity
- Poor diet
- Smoking
- Genetics
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Impaired glucose tolerance is often asymptomatic. However, some people may experience symptoms of hyperglycemia, such as:
- Increased thirst
- Frequent urination
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Slow healing of wounds
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Impaired glucose tolerance is diagnosed through the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). The test involves fasting overnight, then drinking a solution containing 75 grams of glucose. Blood glucose levels are then measured at intervals for two hours.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The primary treatment for impaired glucose tolerance is lifestyle modification, including:
- Regular physical activity
- Healthy diet
- Weight loss if overweight
- Quitting smoking
In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help control blood glucose levels.
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Prevention strategies for impaired glucose tolerance are similar to those for type 2 diabetes, and include:
- Regular physical activity
- Healthy diet
- Weight loss if overweight
- Quitting smoking
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
Impaired glucose tolerance Resources | |
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD