Impaired glucose tolerance

Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) is a prediabetic state of hyperglycemia that is associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. It may precede type 2 diabetes by many years. IGT is also a risk factor for mortality.

Definition

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA), impaired glucose tolerance is defined as:

• Fasting plasma glucose less than 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) AND
• 2-hour plasma glucose between 7.8 mmol/l (140 mg/dl) and 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl) during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT).

Causes

The exact causes of impaired glucose tolerance are not known, but it is believed to be a combination of lifestyle factors and genetics. Some of the potential causes include:

• Obesity
• Lack of physical activity
• Poor diet
• Smoking
• Genetics

Symptoms

Impaired glucose tolerance is often asymptomatic. However, some people may experience symptoms of hyperglycemia, such as:

• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow healing of wounds

Diagnosis

Impaired glucose tolerance is diagnosed through the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). The test involves fasting overnight, then drinking a solution containing 75 grams of glucose. Blood glucose levels are then measured at intervals for two hours.

Treatment

The primary treatment for impaired glucose tolerance is lifestyle modification, including:

• Regular physical activity
• Healthy diet
• Weight loss if overweight
• Quitting smoking

In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help control blood glucose levels.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for impaired glucose tolerance are similar to those for type 2 diabetes, and include:

• Regular physical activity
• Healthy diet
• Weight loss if overweight
• Quitting smoking

See also

• Diabetes mellitus
• Prediabetes
• Metabolic syndrome
• Insulin resistance

References

Impaired glucose tolerance Resources
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