Unequal leg length

Unequal Leg Length

Physiotherapy session addressing leg length issues.

Unequal leg length, also known as leg length discrepancy (LLD), is a condition where the paired lower limbs have a noticeable difference in length. This condition can lead to various physical complications and may require medical intervention depending on the severity.

Causes

Leg length discrepancy can be classified into two main types: anatomical and functional.

• Anatomical LLD occurs when there is a true difference in the length of the bones. This can be due to congenital conditions, fractures, or diseases affecting bone growth such as osteomyelitis or bone cancer.

• Functional LLD is when the leg lengths are equal, but other factors such as muscle weakness, joint contractures, or pelvic obliquity cause an apparent discrepancy.

Diagnosis

X-ray showing leg length measurement.

Diagnosis of unequal leg length typically involves a physical examination and imaging techniques.

• Physical Examination: A healthcare provider may use a tape measure to assess the difference in leg lengths. The patient may be asked to stand or lie down during the measurement.

• Imaging: X-rays or CT scans can provide a more accurate measurement of the bone lengths. These images help in determining the exact difference and the underlying cause.

Treatment

Treatment for leg length discrepancy depends on the severity and the underlying cause. Options include:

• Non-surgical: For minor discrepancies, shoe lifts or custom orthotics can be used to balance the leg lengths. Physiotherapy may also be recommended to strengthen muscles and improve posture.

• Surgical: In cases of significant discrepancy, surgical options such as epiphysiodesis, limb lengthening, or shortening procedures may be considered.

Custom shoes designed to address leg length discrepancy.

Complications

If left untreated, unequal leg length can lead to complications such as:

• Gait abnormalities: Uneven leg lengths can cause limping or an abnormal walking pattern.
• Back pain: The imbalance can lead to scoliosis or chronic back pain due to compensatory mechanisms.
• Joint problems: Increased stress on the joints can lead to early onset of osteoarthritis.

Prevention

While congenital causes of leg length discrepancy cannot be prevented, early detection and treatment of conditions like fractures or infections can minimize the risk of developing LLD.

Related Pages

• Scoliosis
• Osteoarthritis
• Physiotherapy

Using the Vertical Foot Alignment System to assess leg alignment.

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  Physiotherapy session for leg length adjustment

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  Leg length measurement on X-ray

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  Custom shoes for leg length discrepancy

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  Standing on the Vertical Foot Alignment System (VFAS)