Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis

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Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis is a type of allergic contact dermatitis that occurs when the skin comes into contact with urushiol, an oily organic allergen found in plants of the Anacardiaceae family, such as poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. This condition is characterized by an itchy, blistering rash that can be quite severe and uncomfortable.

Pathophysiology

Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction. When urushiol comes into contact with the skin, it binds to skin proteins, forming a complex that is recognized as foreign by the immune system. This triggers an immune response, leading to the activation of T cells and the release of inflammatory cytokines, which cause the characteristic symptoms of redness, itching, and blistering.

Symptoms

The symptoms of urushiol-induced contact dermatitis typically appear within 12 to 72 hours after exposure and can last for several weeks. Common symptoms include:

• Redness
• Itching
• Swelling
• Blisters
• Oozing and crusting

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is primarily based on the clinical presentation and history of exposure to urushiol-containing plants. In some cases, a patch test may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for urushiol-induced contact dermatitis focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing secondary infections. Common treatments include:

• Topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
• Oral antihistamines to relieve itching
• Cool compresses to soothe the skin
• Calamine lotion or oatmeal baths to alleviate itching

In severe cases, systemic corticosteroids may be prescribed.

Prevention

Preventing urushiol-induced contact dermatitis involves avoiding contact with urushiol-containing plants. Protective clothing, such as long sleeves and gloves, can help minimize exposure. Washing the skin with soap and water immediately after contact can also reduce the risk of developing dermatitis.

See also

• Allergic contact dermatitis
• Poison ivy
• Poison oak
• Poison sumac
• Hypersensitivity
• Immune system