Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis

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Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis is a type of skin inflammation caused by contact with certain plants that contain a sticky, resinous oil called urushiol. This condition is most commonly associated with exposure to poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, although other plants, such as the mango tree, can also contain urushiol.

File:Poison ivy rash.jpg
A rash caused by poison ivy, a common cause of urushiol-induced contact dermatitis

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The primary symptom of urushiol-induced contact dermatitis is a rash that develops where the skin has come into contact with the urushiol. This rash often appears as a red, itchy, and swollen area of skin, and it may also form blisters. The rash typically appears within 12 to 48 hours after exposure to the urushiol, although it can sometimes take longer to develop.

Causes[edit | edit source]

Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis is caused by an allergic reaction to urushiol, a colorless or slightly yellow oil that is found in the leaves, stems, and roots of certain plants. When a person's skin comes into contact with urushiol, their immune system may react to the oil as if it were a harmful substance, leading to inflammation and the development of a rash.

Chemical structure of urushiol

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for urushiol-induced contact dermatitis primarily involves relieving the symptoms of the rash. This can often be achieved with over-the-counter treatments, such as hydrocortisone creams and calamine lotion. In more severe cases, a doctor may prescribe a stronger topical steroid or an oral steroid, such as prednisone.

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Prevention of urushiol-induced contact dermatitis involves avoiding contact with plants that contain urushiol. This can be achieved by learning to recognize these plants and by wearing protective clothing when in areas where these plants are common. If contact with urushiol is suspected, washing the skin with soap and water as soon as possible can help to remove the oil and prevent a rash from developing.

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD