Vaginal hypoplasia

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Vaginal hypoplasia
Illustration of vaginal hypoplasia
Synonyms	Congenital absence of the vagina, Müllerian agenesis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Absent or underdeveloped vagina, amenorrhea, possible infertility
Complications	Infertility, sexual dysfunction
Onset	Congenital
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Müllerian duct anomalies
Risks	Genetic factors
Diagnosis	Physical examination, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Androgen insensitivity syndrome, Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgical intervention, vaginal dilators
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depending on associated conditions
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

A congenital condition affecting the development of the vagina

An inflatable vaginal expander used in treatment

Vaginal expander in use

Vaginal hypoplasia is a congenital condition characterized by the underdevelopment or absence of the vagina. This condition can occur as part of a syndrome or as an isolated anomaly. It is often associated with Mayer-Rokitansky-Koster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH), where the uterus is also underdeveloped or absent.

Causes

Vaginal hypoplasia is typically caused by genetic factors that affect the development of the Mullerian ducts, which are precursors to the female reproductive tract. In MRKH syndrome, the exact genetic cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve multiple genes.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of vaginal hypoplasia is usually made during adolescence when a young woman does not begin menstruating. A physical examination and imaging studies, such as an ultrasound or MRI, are used to assess the development of the reproductive organs.

Treatment

Treatment for vaginal hypoplasia often involves surgical and non-surgical methods to create or enlarge the vaginal canal. Non-surgical options include the use of vaginal dilators, which gradually stretch the vaginal tissue. Surgical options may include the creation of a neovagina using skin grafts or other techniques.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, individuals with vaginal hypoplasia can lead normal lives, including the possibility of sexual activity and, in some cases, gestational surrogacy if they wish to have children.

See also

• Mayer-Rokitansky-KÔøΩster-Hauser syndrome
• Congenital disorder
• Vaginal agenesis