Vaginal thrush

Vaginal thrush, also known as Candidal vulvovaginitis or vaginal yeast infection, is a common condition caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a type of yeast, in the vagina.

Causes

Vaginal thrush is usually caused by the yeast species Candida albicans, although other species such as Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis can also be responsible. These yeasts are normally present in the vagina in small numbers, but certain conditions can cause them to multiply, leading to symptoms of thrush. Factors that can increase the risk of developing vaginal thrush include antibiotic use, pregnancy, diabetes, and a weakened immune system.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of vaginal thrush include itching, soreness, and redness around the vagina, as well as a thick, white vaginal discharge that is often described as resembling cottage cheese. Some women may also experience pain during sexual intercourse or when urinating.

Diagnosis

Vaginal thrush is typically diagnosed based on the symptoms and a physical examination. In some cases, a sample of vaginal discharge may be taken and sent to a laboratory for microscopic examination or culture to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for vaginal thrush usually involves antifungal medication, which can be taken orally or applied directly to the affected area. Over-the-counter treatments are often effective, but in some cases, prescription medication may be necessary. It's important to complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve before the treatment is finished, to prevent the infection from returning.

Prevention

Preventive measures for vaginal thrush include avoiding irritants such as perfumed soaps and bubble baths, wearing cotton underwear, and changing out of wet clothes as soon as possible. Eating a balanced diet and maintaining good general health can also help to prevent thrush.

See also

• Candidiasis
• Yeast infection
• Sexually transmitted infection