Valvular incompetence

Valvular incompetence, also known as valvular insufficiency or valvular regurgitation, is a condition where the heart valves do not close properly, leading to the backward flow of blood within the heart. This condition can affect any of the four heart valves: the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, pulmonic valve, and aortic valve.

Causes

Valvular incompetence can be caused by a variety of factors, including congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, endocarditis, myocardial infarction, and cardiomyopathy. It can also be a result of age-related changes, such as calcification of the heart valves.

Symptoms

The symptoms of valvular incompetence vary depending on the severity of the condition and the valve affected. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, chest pain, and syncope. In severe cases, it can lead to heart failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of valvular incompetence typically involves a physical examination, during which a doctor may hear a heart murmur through a stethoscope. Further diagnostic tests may include an echocardiogram, cardiac MRI, or cardiac catheterization.

Treatment

Treatment for valvular incompetence depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms experienced by the patient. It may involve medication, surgery to repair or replace the affected valve, or in some cases, watchful waiting.

See also

• Heart disease
• Cardiology
• Cardiovascular surgery