Vulvovaginal candidiasis

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), also known as Candida vaginitis or yeast infection, is a common gynecological condition caused by an overgrowth of Candida species, a type of fungus. It is estimated that 75% of women will experience at least one episode of VVC in their lifetime, with 40-45% experiencing two or more episodes.

Symptoms

The symptoms of VVC include itching, burning, soreness, pain during sexual intercourse, and a thick, white, odorless vaginal discharge. These symptoms can be mild to severe and can vary from one episode to another.

Causes

VVC is caused by an overgrowth of Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans. Other species, such as Candida glabrata, can also cause VVC. Factors that can increase the risk of developing VVC include pregnancy, diabetes, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and a weakened immune system.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of VVC is typically based on the clinical symptoms and a microscopic examination of a vaginal smear. In some cases, a culture may be performed to identify the specific Candida species causing the infection.

Treatment

Treatment for VVC usually involves the use of antifungal medication, either as a cream or suppository to be inserted into the vagina, or as an oral medication. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms and the specific Candida species causing the infection.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for VVC include avoiding the use of tight-fitting, non-breathable clothing and underwear, avoiding the use of irritating soaps and bath additives, and maintaining good personal hygiene.

See also

• Candidiasis
• Vaginitis
• Vaginal yeast infection

Vulvovaginal candidiasis Resources
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