Γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor

Γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABAB receptor) is a type of G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is found in the central nervous system and plays a crucial role in inhibitory neurotransmission.

Structure

The GABAB receptor is a heterodimer, composed of two subunits, GABAB1 and GABAB2. Each subunit has a similar structure, with seven transmembrane domains and an extracellular N-terminus. The GABAB1 subunit is responsible for ligand-binding, while the GABAB2 subunit is necessary for the receptor to function properly.

Function

When activated by GABA, the GABAB receptor can inhibit the activity of adenylate cyclase, reducing the production of cyclic AMP. This can lead to a decrease in the release of other neurotransmitters and a reduction in neuronal excitability. The GABAB receptor also plays a role in the regulation of long-term potentiation, a process involved in learning and memory.

Clinical significance

Alterations in GABAB receptor function have been implicated in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, anxiety disorders, depression, and schizophrenia. Drugs that target the GABAB receptor, such as the agonist baclofen and the antagonist saclofen, are used in the treatment of these conditions.

See also

• GABA receptor
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Neurotransmitter