7α-Hydroxycholesterol

7α-Hydroxycholesterol is a derivative of cholesterol that is produced in the liver as part of the process of bile acid synthesis. It is an oxidized form of cholesterol, which means it has undergone a chemical reaction that has changed its structure. This oxidation process is catalyzed by the enzyme cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), which is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol.

Structure and Properties[edit | edit source]

7α-Hydroxycholesterol has a similar structure to cholesterol, with the addition of a hydroxy group at the 7-alpha position. This hydroxy group makes the molecule more polar than cholesterol, which affects its solubility and its interactions with other molecules.

Biological Role[edit | edit source]

In the liver, 7α-Hydroxycholesterol is further metabolized to form cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, two primary bile acids. These bile acids are then conjugated with glycine or taurine to form bile salts, which are secreted into the bile and play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats.

7α-Hydroxycholesterol also plays a role in the regulation of cholesterol levels in the body. The conversion of cholesterol to 7α-Hydroxycholesterol is a way for the body to remove excess cholesterol, and the rate of this conversion is regulated in response to the body's cholesterol levels.

Health Implications[edit | edit source]

Elevated levels of 7α-Hydroxycholesterol have been associated with certain health conditions, including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and some types of cancer. However, more research is needed to fully understand the role of 7α-Hydroxycholesterol in these conditions and its potential as a therapeutic target.