Acinic cell carcinoma

A type of salivary gland cancer

Classification
External resources

Acinic cell carcinoma is a rare type of salivary gland cancer that primarily affects the parotid gland, which is the largest of the salivary glands located near the ear. This type of carcinoma is characterized by its slow growth and relatively low potential for metastasis compared to other salivary gland cancers.

Pathophysiology

Acinic cell carcinoma arises from the acinar cells of the salivary glands, which are responsible for producing saliva. These tumors are typically composed of cells that resemble normal acinar cells, and they can exhibit a variety of growth patterns, including solid, microcystic, papillary-cystic, and follicular.

The histology of acinic cell carcinoma is notable for its diversity, with tumor cells often showing granular cytoplasm due to the presence of zymogen granules. This feature can help distinguish acinic cell carcinoma from other types of salivary gland tumors.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with acinic cell carcinoma often present with a painless, slow-growing mass in the region of the parotid gland. In some cases, the tumor may cause facial nerve dysfunction if it invades nearby structures. Other symptoms can include swelling, discomfort, or a feeling of fullness in the affected area.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and biopsy. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI can help assess the extent of the tumor and its relationship to surrounding structures. A definitive diagnosis is made through histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen.

Treatment

The primary treatment for acinic cell carcinoma is surgical resection, often involving a parotidectomy to remove the affected gland. The extent of surgery depends on the size and location of the tumor, as well as its proximity to critical structures such as the facial nerve.

In some cases, radiation therapy may be recommended postoperatively, especially if there are concerns about residual disease or if the tumor exhibits aggressive features. Chemotherapy is generally not a primary treatment modality for acinic cell carcinoma but may be considered in cases of metastatic disease.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with acinic cell carcinoma is generally favorable, with a high rate of long-term survival. However, the risk of recurrence and metastasis, although lower than in other salivary gland cancers, still exists. Factors influencing prognosis include tumor size, histological grade, and the presence of perineural invasion.

Related Pages

• Salivary gland tumors
• Parotid gland
• Histopathology
• Oncology