Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP) is a neurological disorder that affects the peripheral nerves. It is characterized by the rapid onset of weakness and, often, paralysis of the legs, arms, breathing muscles, and face.

Etiology

The exact cause of AIDP is unknown, but it is often preceded by an infection, such as a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection. The body's immune system, in response to the infection, mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves, leading to inflammation and demyelination. This process disrupts the normal functioning of the nerves, resulting in the symptoms of AIDP.

Symptoms

The symptoms of AIDP can vary greatly from person to person, but typically include weakness, numbness, and tingling in the legs and arms. These symptoms can progress rapidly, often leading to paralysis. Other symptoms can include fatigue, pain, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty breathing.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of AIDP is typically made based on the patient's symptoms, a physical examination, and specific diagnostic tests. These tests can include a nerve conduction study, electromyography, and a lumbar puncture.

Treatment

The treatment for AIDP typically involves medications to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation, such as corticosteroids and immunoglobulins. Physical therapy and occupational therapy may also be beneficial for improving strength and function.

Prognosis

The prognosis for AIDP can vary greatly depending on the severity of the disease and the individual's overall health. Some people may recover fully, while others may have long-term disability.

See also

• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Demyelinating disease