Acute pyelonephritis

Acute Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection that affects the kidneys. It is typically caused by bacteria that have ascended from the lower urinary tract. The condition is more common in women than in men, and can occur at any age.

Causes

The most common cause of acute pyelonephritis is Escherichia coli, a type of bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract. Other bacteria, such as Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis, can also cause the condition. In rare cases, acute pyelonephritis can be caused by fungi or viruses.

Symptoms

Symptoms of acute pyelonephritis can vary, but often include fever, pain in the lower back or side, frequent urination, and nausea or vomiting. In severe cases, the condition can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening response to infection.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis typically involves a urinalysis to check for the presence of bacteria and white blood cells, which are a sign of infection. A urine culture may also be performed to identify the specific type of bacteria causing the infection.

Treatment

Treatment for acute pyelonephritis usually involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of acute pyelonephritis involves reducing the risk of urinary tract infections. This can be achieved through good personal hygiene, drinking plenty of fluids, and urinating regularly.

See also

• Chronic pyelonephritis
• Urinary tract infection
• Kidney infection