Cystitis
Cystitis[edit | edit source]
Cystitis[edit | edit source]
Cystitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the urinary bladder. It is commonly caused by a urinary tract infection (UTI) but can also arise from other factors.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Cystitis can be caused by:
- Bacterial Infection: Most commonly, cystitis is a result of a bacterial infection, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract.
- Irritating Substances: Chemical irritants such as soaps, spermicides, and certain medications can lead to inflammation.
- Interstitial Cystitis: A chronic condition also known as painful bladder syndrome, unrelated to bacterial infection.
- Radiation Therapy: Can cause inflammation of the bladder as a side effect.
- Foreign Bodies: Such as urinary catheters, can lead to infection and subsequent cystitis.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Common symptoms of cystitis include:
- A strong, persistent urge to urinate.
- A burning sensation when urinating.
- Frequent, small amounts of urine.
- Blood in the urine (hematuria).
- Cloudy or strong-smelling urine.
- Discomfort or pressure in the lower abdomen.
- Low-grade fever (in some cases).
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of cystitis generally involves:
- Urinalysis to check for signs of infection and blood in the urine.
- Urine culture to identify the bacteria causing infection.
- In cases of recurrent cystitis, further diagnostic tests may be needed, such as cystoscopy or imaging studies.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for cystitis depends on the underlying cause:
- Antibiotics: For bacterial infections, a course of antibiotics is the standard treatment.
- Pain Relief: Medications to alleviate discomfort and burning sensation.
- Interstitial Cystitis Treatment: Includes lifestyle changes, physical therapy, medications, and sometimes surgical interventions.
- Preventive Measures: For recurrent cystitis, preventive strategies may include lifestyle changes, probiotics, and, in some cases, preventive antibiotics.
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Preventive measures include:
- Drinking plenty of liquids, especially water.
- Urinating frequently and after sexual activity.
- Avoiding irritating feminine products.
- Good personal hygiene practices.
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Contributors: Kondreddy Naveen, Prab R. Tumpati, MD, Dr.T