Cystitis

Cystitis

Illustration depicting inflammation of the urinary bladder, characteristic of cystitis.

Cystitis

Cystitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the urinary bladder. It is commonly caused by a urinary tract infection (UTI) but can also arise from other factors.

Causes

Cystitis can be caused by:

• Bacterial Infection: Most commonly, cystitis is a result of a bacterial infection, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract.
• Irritating Substances: Chemical irritants such as soaps, spermicides, and certain medications can lead to inflammation.
• Interstitial Cystitis: A chronic condition also known as painful bladder syndrome, unrelated to bacterial infection.
• Radiation Therapy: Can cause inflammation of the bladder as a side effect.
• Foreign Bodies: Such as urinary catheters, can lead to infection and subsequent cystitis.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of cystitis include:

• A strong, persistent urge to urinate.
• A burning sensation when urinating.
• Frequent, small amounts of urine.
• Blood in the urine (hematuria).
• Cloudy or strong-smelling urine.
• Discomfort or pressure in the lower abdomen.
• Low-grade fever (in some cases).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of cystitis generally involves:

• Urinalysis to check for signs of infection and blood in the urine.
• Urine culture to identify the bacteria causing infection.
• In cases of recurrent cystitis, further diagnostic tests may be needed, such as cystoscopy or imaging studies.

Treatment

Treatment for cystitis depends on the underlying cause:

• Antibiotics: For bacterial infections, a course of antibiotics is the standard treatment.
• Pain Relief: Medications to alleviate discomfort and burning sensation.
• Interstitial Cystitis Treatment: Includes lifestyle changes, physical therapy, medications, and sometimes surgical interventions.
• Preventive Measures: For recurrent cystitis, preventive strategies may include lifestyle changes, probiotics, and, in some cases, preventive antibiotics.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Drinking plenty of liquids, especially water.
• Urinating frequently and after sexual activity.
• Avoiding irritating feminine products.
• Good personal hygiene practices.

Cystitis Resources
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