Nephrolithiasis

Nephrolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by the formation of kidney stones, or nephroliths, in the kidneys. This condition can cause severe pain and may lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.

Causes

The primary cause of nephrolithiasis is the crystallization of certain substances in the urine, such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. These substances can form stones when their concentrations in the urine are too high. Other factors that can contribute to the development of kidney stones include dehydration, certain diets, and some medical conditions.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of nephrolithiasis is severe pain, often in the back or side below the ribs. Other symptoms can include blood in the urine, frequent urination, and nausea or vomiting.

Diagnosis

Nephrolithiasis is typically diagnosed through a combination of a physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan. In some cases, a urine test or blood test may also be used to help diagnose the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for nephrolithiasis depends on the size and location of the kidney stones. Small stones can often be passed naturally through the urine, while larger stones may require medical intervention. Treatment options can include medication, lifestyle changes, or surgical procedures.

See also

• Kidney disease
• Urolithiasis
• Renal colic

Nephrolithiasis Resources
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