Bladder stone

Bladder Stone

A bladder stone is a hard mass of minerals that forms in the bladder. This condition is also known as vesical calculus or cystolith. Bladder stones occur when minerals in urine concentrate and crystallize, forming stones. These stones can range in size from tiny grains to large, golf-ball-sized masses.

Causes

Bladder stones are often caused by an inability to completely empty the bladder, a condition known as urinary retention. This can be due to a variety of underlying conditions, including bladder diverticulum, neurogenic bladder, and prostate enlargement. Other causes can include urinary tract infections, inflammation of the bladder, and foreign objects in the bladder.

Symptoms

Symptoms of bladder stones can vary depending on the size of the stone. Small stones may not cause any symptoms and may pass unnoticed. Larger stones, however, can cause symptoms such as hematuria (blood in the urine), lower abdominal pain, frequent urination, painful urination, and urinary tract infections.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of bladder stones typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Additional tests may include a urinalysis, ultrasound, CT scan, or cystoscopy.

Treatment

Treatment for bladder stones typically involves removing the stones. This can be done through a procedure known as a cystolitholapaxy, in which a small instrument is inserted into the bladder to break up the stones. In some cases, surgery may be required to remove large stones. Treatment also involves addressing the underlying condition that caused the stones to form.

Prevention

Prevention of bladder stones involves drinking plenty of fluids to dilute the concentration of minerals in the urine, and fully emptying the bladder when urinating. Regular exercise can also help prevent bladder stones by promoting regular bladder function.

See Also

• Kidney stone
• Urinary tract infection
• Prostate enlargement