Adult development

Adult development encompasses the changes that occur in biological and psychological domains of human life from the end of adolescence until the end of one's life. These changes may be gradual or rapid, and can reflect positive, negative, or no change from previous levels of functioning. Changes occur at the cellular level and are partially explained by biological theories of adult development and aging.

Biological changes

Biological changes late in adulthood often result in perceptual and physical declines, including changes in vision and hearing. Aging is associated with changes in the cardiovascular and immune systems that reduce the body's adaptive capacities. These changes often result in reduced physical fitness and increased frailty, which can have significant impacts on quality of life and independence.

Psychological changes

Psychological changes in adulthood can be both positive and negative. On the positive side, many adults experience increased satisfaction with life and improved emotional health in their later years. Negative changes can include a decline in cognitive function, including memory and attention, and increased rates of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety.

Social changes

Social changes in adulthood often involve evolving roles and relationships, such as changes in marital status, parenthood, and career transitions. These changes can have profound effects on self-identity and self-esteem.

Theories of adult development

Several theories have been proposed to explain the changes that occur during adulthood. These include Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, Daniel Levinson's theory of life structure development, and Carl Jung's theory of individuation.

See also

• Aging
• Erik Erikson
• Daniel Levinson
• Carl Jung

References

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