Age-related hearing loss

Age-related Hearing Loss

Age-related hearing loss, also known as presbycusis, is a gradual loss of hearing that occurs as people age. It is one of the most common conditions affecting older and elderly adults. Approximately one in three people in the United States between the ages of 65 and 74 has hearing loss, and nearly half of those older than 75 have difficulty hearing.

Causes

Age-related hearing loss is caused by changes in the inner ear as we age. These changes can include:

• Degeneration of hair cells: The tiny hair cells in the cochlea that are responsible for converting sound waves into electrical signals can become damaged or die over time.
• Changes in the blood supply to the ear: Reduced blood flow can affect the health of the inner ear.
• Genetic factors: Some individuals may be more genetically predisposed to hearing loss.
• Cumulative exposure to noise: Long-term exposure to loud noises can contribute to hearing loss.
• Medical conditions: Conditions such as diabetes and hypertension can increase the risk of hearing loss.

Symptoms

The symptoms of age-related hearing loss can vary, but they typically include:

• Difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds, such as the voices of women and children.
• Trouble understanding speech, especially in noisy environments.
• The perception that others are mumbling or speaking too softly.
• Needing to turn up the volume on the television or radio.
• Ringing in the ears, known as tinnitus.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of age-related hearing loss typically involves a hearing test, known as an audiogram, conducted by an audiologist. The test measures the ability to hear sounds at different pitches and volumes.

Treatment

While age-related hearing loss is not reversible, there are several treatment options available to help manage the condition:

• Hearing aids: These devices amplify sound and can help improve hearing and communication.
• Assistive listening devices: Devices such as telephone amplifiers and TV listening systems can help.
• Cochlear implants: For severe hearing loss, cochlear implants may be an option.
• Communication strategies: Techniques such as lip reading and using visual cues can aid in communication.

Prevention

While not all age-related hearing loss can be prevented, certain measures can help reduce the risk:

• Protecting ears from loud noises by using earplugs or noise-canceling headphones.
• Managing chronic health conditions such as diabetes and hypertension.
• Avoiding ototoxic medications that can damage hearing.

Also see

• Hearing loss
• Tinnitus
• Audiology
• Cochlear implant