Animal Magnetism

Animal Magnetism

Animal magnetism is a term that was first coined by the German physician Franz Mesmer in the 18th century. It refers to a supposed natural energy transference occurring between all animated and inanimate objects. Mesmer believed that this energy could have healing properties and could be manipulated to cure various ailments.

History

The concept of animal magnetism originated with Franz Mesmer, who proposed that a natural energetic transference occurred between all living things. Mesmer's ideas were influenced by earlier theories of vitalism, which posited that living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they are governed by a vital force or life energy.

Mesmer's theory was that this "magnetic fluid" could be manipulated to cure illness. He believed that illness was the result of blockages or imbalances in this fluid, and that by using magnets or his own hands, he could restore the balance and health of his patients.

Mesmer's Practices

Mesmer's practice involved the use of magnets and other objects to direct the flow of this magnetic fluid. He would often conduct sessions in which patients were seated around a large vat of "magnetized" water, holding iron rods that were supposed to channel the magnetic energy.

Mesmer also developed a technique known as "mesmerism," which involved the use of hand movements and a fixed gaze to induce a trance-like state in his patients. This practice is considered a precursor to modern hypnosis.

Scientific Investigation

In 1784, the French government appointed a commission to investigate Mesmer's claims. The commission, which included prominent figures such as Benjamin Franklin and Antoine Lavoisier, concluded that there was no evidence of the existence of animal magnetism and that the effects observed were due to the power of suggestion and imagination.

Despite the commission's findings, the concept of animal magnetism continued to influence the development of psychology and psychiatry, particularly in the study of hypnosis and the unconscious mind.

Legacy

While animal magnetism as a scientific theory has been discredited, its influence can still be seen in the fields of alternative medicine and psychotherapy. The term "mesmerize," derived from Mesmer's name, is still used today to describe a state of fascination or trance.

Also see

• Franz Mesmer
• Hypnosis
• Vitalism
• Alternative medicine
• History of psychology