Aortic valve stenosis

Aortic valve stenosis is a cardiovascular disease that affects the heart's aortic valve. This condition is characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve, which restricts blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body.

Causes

Aortic valve stenosis can be caused by a variety of factors. One of the most common causes is age-related calcification, where the valve becomes hardened and narrowed over time due to the accumulation of calcium deposits. Other causes include congenital heart defects, where the aortic valve is malformed at birth, and rheumatic fever, which can cause damage to the heart valves.

Symptoms

The symptoms of aortic valve stenosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, individuals may not experience any symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, lightheadedness, and fainting. In severe cases, aortic valve stenosis can lead to heart failure.

Diagnosis

Aortic valve stenosis is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests. These tests may include an echocardiogram, which uses sound waves to create images of the heart and its valves, and a cardiac catheterization, which involves inserting a thin tube into a blood vessel to examine the heart and its blood flow.

Treatment

Treatment for aortic valve stenosis depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, regular monitoring and lifestyle changes may be sufficient. However, in more severe cases, surgery may be required to repair or replace the damaged valve. This can be done through a valve replacement surgery or a less invasive procedure known as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for individuals with aortic valve stenosis can be quite good. However, without treatment, the condition can lead to serious complications, including heart failure and sudden cardiac death.

See also

• Heart valve disease
• Aortic valve regurgitation
• Aortic valve replacement