Aphagia

Aphagia is a medical condition characterized by the inability to swallow. This condition can result from various causes, including neurological disorders, structural abnormalities, or psychological factors. Aphagia is distinct from dysphagia, which refers to difficulty swallowing rather than a complete inability.

Causes

Aphagia can be caused by several factors, including:

• Neurological disorders such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
• Structural abnormalities like esophageal atresia, tumors, or strictures.
• Psychological conditions such as severe anxiety or conversion disorder.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of aphagia is the inability to swallow. This can lead to:

• Malnutrition and dehydration due to the inability to consume food and liquids.
• Aspiration pneumonia from food or liquid entering the lungs.
• Weight loss and general weakness.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of aphagia typically involves:

• A thorough medical history and physical examination.
• Imaging studies such as barium swallow or esophagram.
• Endoscopy to visualize the esophagus and identify any structural abnormalities.
• Manometry to measure the pressure within the esophagus.

Treatment

Treatment for aphagia depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Speech therapy and swallowing exercises.
• Surgical interventions to correct structural abnormalities.
• Medications to manage underlying neurological or psychological conditions.
• Nutritional support, such as feeding tubes or parenteral nutrition.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with aphagia varies based on the underlying cause and the effectiveness of treatment. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes.

See also

• Dysphagia
• Esophageal motility disorder
• Speech-language pathology