Aspirin-induced asthma

Aspirin-induced asthma (AIA), also known as Samter's triad or aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), is a chronic medical condition that consists of asthma, recurrent nasal polyps, and sensitivity to aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Etiology

The exact cause of aspirin-induced asthma is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme by aspirin and other NSAIDs. This inhibition leads to an imbalance in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, resulting in an overproduction of leukotrienes, which are potent bronchoconstrictors.

Symptoms

The symptoms of aspirin-induced asthma typically include wheezing, shortness of breath, and nasal congestion. These symptoms can be triggered by the ingestion of aspirin or other NSAIDs. In severe cases, anaphylactic reactions may occur.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of aspirin-induced asthma is typically based on the patient's medical history and a positive response to an aspirin challenge test. This test involves the administration of aspirin under medical supervision and monitoring for the development of respiratory symptoms.

Treatment

The primary treatment for aspirin-induced asthma is avoidance of aspirin and other NSAIDs. In addition, medications such as corticosteroids and leukotriene modifiers may be used to control asthma symptoms. In some cases, aspirin desensitization may be performed under medical supervision.

Epidemiology

Aspirin-induced asthma is estimated to affect approximately 10% of all asthma patients and up to 30% of those with severe asthma. It is more common in adults than in children and typically develops in the third or fourth decade of life.

See also

• Asthma
• Aspirin
• Nasal polyps
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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