Atrophic vaginitis

Vaginal Mucosa Normal vs Menopause

Atrophic vaginitis

Atrophic vaginitis, also known as vaginal atrophy, is a condition characterized by the thinning, drying, and inflammation of the vaginal walls due to a decrease in estrogen levels. This condition is most commonly associated with menopause, but it can also occur during other times when estrogen levels decline, such as during breastfeeding or as a result of certain medical treatments.

Causes

The primary cause of atrophic vaginitis is a reduction in estrogen levels. Estrogen is a hormone that helps maintain the health and elasticity of the vaginal tissues. When estrogen levels drop, the vaginal walls can become thin, dry, and less elastic. Common causes of decreased estrogen levels include:

• Menopause
• Oophorectomy (surgical removal of the ovaries)
• Radiation therapy or chemotherapy for cancer
• Breastfeeding
• Certain medications, such as tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors

Symptoms

Symptoms of atrophic vaginitis can vary but often include:

• Vaginal dryness
• Vaginal itching or burning
• Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia)
• Light bleeding or spotting after intercourse
• Increased frequency of urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Urinary urgency or burning

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of atrophic vaginitis typically involves a combination of:

• Medical history review
• Physical examination, including a pelvic exam
• Vaginal pH testing
• Microscopic examination of vaginal discharge

Treatment

Treatment options for atrophic vaginitis aim to relieve symptoms and may include:

• Topical estrogen therapy (creams, tablets, or rings)
• Non-hormonal lubricants and moisturizers
• Systemic hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
• Lifestyle changes, such as regular sexual activity to promote blood flow to the vaginal area

Prevention

Preventive measures for atrophic vaginitis include:

• Regular sexual activity
• Use of vaginal moisturizers and lubricants
• Avoiding irritants such as douches and scented products
• Staying hydrated

See also

• Menopause
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Vaginal pH
• Dyspareunia
• Urinary tract infection