Severe congenital neutropenia
(Redirected from Autosomal dominant severe congenital neutropenia)
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a rare and severe form of neutropenia that is present from birth. It is characterized by a significant reduction in the number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the body's immune response. SCN is associated with an increased risk of recurrent infections, particularly bacterial infections, and a predisposition to the development of leukemia.
Causes[edit | edit source]
SCN is typically caused by mutations in the ELANE gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called neutrophil elastase. This protein is involved in the maturation of neutrophils. Mutations in the ELANE gene disrupt the normal development of neutrophils, leading to the characteristic features of SCN.
Other genes associated with SCN include HAX1, G6PC3, GFI1, and WAS. Mutations in these genes can also disrupt neutrophil development and function, leading to SCN.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The primary symptom of SCN is an increased susceptibility to infections, particularly bacterial infections. These infections can be severe and recurrent, and can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract.
Other symptoms of SCN can include anemia, thrombocytopenia, and an enlarged spleen.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of SCN is based on a complete blood count (CBC) showing a persistent neutropenia, along with a history of recurrent infections. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations in the ELANE gene or other genes associated with SCN.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The treatment of SCN typically involves the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a medication that stimulates the production of neutrophils. In some cases, a bone marrow transplant may be necessary.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for individuals with SCN varies. With appropriate treatment, many individuals with SCN can lead normal lives. However, SCN is associated with an increased risk of developing leukemia, which can affect the prognosis.
See also[edit | edit source]
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