Cancer by location of the body

Overview of cancer types based on their location in the body

Classification
External resources

Cancer by location of the body refers to the classification of cancer based on the anatomical site where the cancer originates. This classification is crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and research, as different types of cancer can have vastly different prognoses and treatment protocols.

Overview

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. When cancer originates in a specific part of the body, it is often named after that location. For example, cancer that begins in the lungs is called lung cancer, while cancer that starts in the breast is known as breast cancer.

Common Types of Cancer by Location

Head and Neck

• Oral cancer: This type of cancer affects the mouth, including the lips, tongue, and gums.
• Throat cancer: Includes cancers of the pharynx and larynx.
• Thyroid cancer: Originates in the thyroid gland, located in the neck.

Thoracic Cavity

• Lung cancer: A leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, originating in the lungs.
• Esophageal cancer: Affects the esophagus, the tube that connects the throat to the stomach.

Abdominal Cavity

• Stomach cancer: Also known as gastric cancer, it begins in the stomach lining.
• Liver cancer: Originates in the liver cells, often associated with hepatitis infections.
• Pancreatic cancer: Starts in the pancreas, known for its poor prognosis.
• Colorectal cancer: Affects the colon and rectum, often detected through screening tests like colonoscopy.

Pelvic Cavity

• Prostate cancer: Common in men, originates in the prostate gland.
• Ovarian cancer: Begins in the ovaries, often detected at a late stage.
• Cervical cancer: Affects the cervix, preventable through vaccination and regular screening.

Skin

• Melanoma: A serious form of skin cancer that develops in the melanocytes.
• Basal cell carcinoma: The most common type of skin cancer, originating in the basal cells.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnosis of cancer by location involves various imaging techniques, biopsies, and laboratory tests. Treatment options vary depending on the type and stage of cancer and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.

Prognosis

The prognosis of cancer depends on several factors, including the type of cancer, its location, stage at diagnosis, and the patient's overall health. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.

Research and Advances

Ongoing research in cancer by location focuses on understanding the molecular and genetic basis of different cancers, developing targeted therapies, and improving early detection methods.

Also see

• Oncology
• Cancer staging
• Cancer treatment
• Cancer prevention
• Cancer research