Capsulitis

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Capsulitis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation of the capsule of a joint. It can occur in various joints of the body, including the shoulder, knee, and toe joints, but is most commonly associated with the shoulder (referred to as Adhesive Capsulitis or Frozen Shoulder) and the second toe (known as Capsulitis of the Second Toe). This condition can cause pain, stiffness, and limited movement in the affected joint.

Causes

Capsulitis is often caused by repetitive movements or overuse of the joint, leading to stress and inflammation of the capsule. It can also result from an injury or as a part of systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders. In some cases, the exact cause of capsulitis remains unknown, making it idiopathic.

Symptoms

The primary symptoms of capsulitis include:

• Pain in the affected joint, often worsening with movement
• Stiffness and reduced range of motion
• Swelling around the joint
• A feeling of the joint being "frozen" or locked in place

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of capsulitis involves a thorough medical history and physical examination by a healthcare provider. Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRIs, and ultrasound may be used to rule out other conditions and confirm the diagnosis of capsulitis.

Treatment

Treatment for capsulitis aims to reduce pain and inflammation and restore the normal range of motion to the affected joint. Options include:

• Physical therapy to stretch and strengthen the joint
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation
• Corticosteroid injections to decrease inflammation
• In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to release the joint capsule

Prevention

Preventive measures for capsulitis focus on maintaining joint flexibility and strength through regular exercise and avoiding repetitive stress on the joints. Proper management of underlying systemic diseases is also crucial in preventing capsulitis.