Carboxylesterase 3

Carboxylesterase 3

Carboxylesterase 3 (CES3) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of various drugs and xenobiotics in humans. It belongs to the carboxylesterase family of enzymes, which are responsible for the hydrolysis of ester and amide bonds in a wide range of substrates.

Structure

CES3 is encoded by the CES3 gene located on chromosome 16q13.1. It consists of 567 amino acids and has a molecular weight of approximately 65 kDa. The enzyme contains a catalytic triad composed of a serine, histidine, and aspartate residue, which is essential for its enzymatic activity.

Function

CES3 is primarily expressed in the liver, but it is also found in other tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and adipose tissue. It plays a crucial role in the metabolism of ester-containing compounds, including drugs such as opioids, statins, and anticancer agents. CES3 catalyzes the hydrolysis of these compounds, converting them into their corresponding carboxylic acids and alcohols, which are then eliminated from the body.

Clinical Significance

The activity of CES3 can significantly impact the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of drugs. Genetic variations in the CES3 gene can lead to altered enzyme activity, resulting in interindividual differences in drug metabolism. For example, individuals with reduced CES3 activity may experience increased drug exposure and potential adverse effects, while those with enhanced CES3 activity may have decreased drug efficacy.

Role in Drug Development

CES3 is an important enzyme in drug development and metabolism studies. Understanding its role in drug metabolism can help researchers predict drug-drug interactions and optimize drug dosing regimens. Inhibition or induction of CES3 activity can also be utilized to enhance the therapeutic effects of certain drugs or reduce their toxicity.