Cardiogram

Cardiogram

A cardiogram is a graphical representation of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time. It is commonly used in the field of cardiology to diagnose and monitor various heart conditions. The most common type of cardiogram is the electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), which records the electrical signals produced by the heart during its beating cycle.

Types of Cardiograms

There are several types of cardiograms, each serving different diagnostic purposes:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): This is the most widely used type of cardiogram. It involves placing electrodes on the skin to measure the electrical activity of the heart.
• Echocardiogram: This type uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart, allowing doctors to see its structure and function.
• Holter monitor: A portable device worn by the patient to continuously record the heart's electrical activity over 24-48 hours.
• Stress test: This involves recording the heart's activity while the patient is exercising, usually on a treadmill or stationary bike.

Uses of Cardiograms

Cardiograms are used for various purposes, including:

• Diagnosing arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia.
• Detecting myocardial infarction (heart attack) and ischemia.
• Monitoring the effects of medications on the heart.
• Evaluating the function of implanted devices like pacemakers and defibrillators.
• Assessing the overall health of the heart in patients with heart disease.

Procedure

The procedure for obtaining a cardiogram varies depending on the type:

• For an electrocardiogram, electrodes are placed on the patient's chest, arms, and legs. The patient lies still while the machine records the heart's electrical activity.
• For an echocardiogram, a technician uses a handheld device called a transducer to send ultrasound waves into the chest. The waves bounce off the heart and create images on a monitor.
• For a Holter monitor, electrodes are attached to the chest, and the patient wears a small recording device for 24-48 hours.
• For a stress test, electrodes are placed on the chest, and the patient exercises while the heart's activity is recorded.

Interpretation

The interpretation of a cardiogram is performed by a cardiologist or a trained healthcare professional. They look for abnormalities in the heart's rhythm, structure, and function. Common findings include:

• Bradycardia: A slower than normal heart rate.
• Tachycardia: A faster than normal heart rate.
• ST segment elevation: May indicate a myocardial infarction.
• P wave abnormalities: Can suggest issues with the atria.

History

The development of the cardiogram dates back to the early 20th century. The first practical electrocardiogram machine was invented by Willem Einthoven, who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1924 for his work.

See Also

• Cardiology
• Electrocardiogram
• Echocardiogram
• Holter monitor
• Stress test
• Heart disease
• Arrhythmia