Chronic myelogenous leukemia
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| Chronic myelogenous leukemia | |
|---|---|
| File:Bcrablmet.jpg | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, weight loss, fever, night sweats, splenomegaly |
| Complications | Blast crisis, anemia, thrombocytopenia |
| Onset | Typically in adulthood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Philadelphia chromosome (translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22) |
| Risks | Radiation exposure, age, male gender |
| Diagnosis | Complete blood count, bone marrow biopsy, cytogenetic analysis |
| Differential diagnosis | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, chemotherapy, stem cell transplant |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | 1-2 cases per 100,000 people per year |
| Deaths | N/A |
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myeloid leukemia, is a type of cancer that originates in the bone marrow and results in the overproduction of white blood cells. It is a form of leukemia, which is a group of cancers that typically begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells.
Pathophysiology[edit]
CML is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, a specific genetic abnormality in chromosome 22 of human cells. This abnormality is a result of a translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22, which creates the BCR-ABL fusion gene. The BCR-ABL gene produces a protein with tyrosine kinase activity that leads to uncontrolled cell division.
Symptoms[edit]
Common symptoms of CML include:
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Night sweats
- Fever
- Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
- Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)
- Bone pain
Diagnosis[edit]
CML is typically diagnosed through a combination of blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and cytogenetic analysis. The presence of the Philadelphia chromosome is a key diagnostic marker.
Stages[edit]
CML progresses through three phases:
- Chronic phase: The disease progresses slowly and patients may have mild symptoms.
- Accelerated phase: The disease progresses more rapidly and symptoms become more severe.
- Blast crisis: The disease behaves like an acute leukemia with rapid progression and severe symptoms.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment options for CML include:
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib.
- Chemotherapy
- Stem cell transplant
- Interferon therapy
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for CML has improved significantly with the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Many patients achieve long-term remission and have a normal life expectancy.
Epidemiology[edit]
CML accounts for about 15-20% of all cases of adult leukemia. It is more common in older adults, with the median age at diagnosis being around 65 years.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
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