Chronic myelogenous leukemia
(Redirected from Chronic myeloid leukaemia)
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myeloid leukemia, is a type of cancer that originates in the bone marrow and results in the overproduction of white blood cells. It is a form of leukemia, which is a group of cancers that typically begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
CML is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, a specific genetic abnormality in chromosome 22 of human cells. This abnormality is a result of a translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22, which creates the BCR-ABL fusion gene. The BCR-ABL gene produces a protein with tyrosine kinase activity that leads to uncontrolled cell division.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Common symptoms of CML include:
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Night sweats
- Fever
- Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
- Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)
- Bone pain
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
CML is typically diagnosed through a combination of blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and cytogenetic analysis. The presence of the Philadelphia chromosome is a key diagnostic marker.
Stages[edit | edit source]
CML progresses through three phases:
- Chronic phase: The disease progresses slowly and patients may have mild symptoms.
- Accelerated phase: The disease progresses more rapidly and symptoms become more severe.
- Blast crisis: The disease behaves like an acute leukemia with rapid progression and severe symptoms.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment options for CML include:
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib.
- Chemotherapy
- Stem cell transplant
- Interferon therapy
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for CML has improved significantly with the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Many patients achieve long-term remission and have a normal life expectancy.
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
CML accounts for about 15-20% of all cases of adult leukemia. It is more common in older adults, with the median age at diagnosis being around 65 years.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD