Chronic testicular pain

Chronic Testicular Pain (CTP), also known as chronic scrotal pain, is a persistent discomfort or pain in the testicles or scrotum lasting for more than three months. It can affect males of any age and can significantly impact the quality of life. The pain may vary in intensity, from a mild annoyance to severe pain that interferes with daily activities.

Causes

Chronic testicular pain can have various causes, some of which are identifiable, while others remain idiopathic (of unknown origin). Common causes include:

• Testicular torsion: A medical emergency where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle.
• Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, often caused by bacterial infection or sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Varicocele: Enlargement of the veins within the scrotum.
• Hydrocele: Accumulation of fluid around the testicle.
• Inguinal hernia: Occurs when tissue, such as part of the intestine, protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles.
• Trauma: Direct injury to the testicles or scrotum.
• Nerve damage: Damage to nerves in the scrotal area, possibly due to surgery or other medical conditions.

Symptoms

Symptoms of chronic testicular pain include:

• Persistent or intermittent pain in one or both testicles.
• Discomfort that may radiate to the groin, abdomen, or back.
• Swelling or redness of the scrotum.
• A sensation of heaviness in the scrotum.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of chronic testicular pain involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Additional tests may include:

• Ultrasound: To assess the structure of the testicles and surrounding tissues.
• Urinalysis: To check for infection or other urinary tract issues.
• STI testing: To rule out sexually transmitted infections.
• MRI: In rare cases, to get a detailed image of the scrotal area.

Treatment

Treatment for chronic testicular pain depends on the underlying cause, if identified. Options may include:

• Antibiotics: For infections such as epididymitis.
• Pain management: Including over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers or prescription medications.
• Surgery: In cases of varicocele, hydrocele, or inguinal hernia.
• Counseling: To help cope with the psychological impact of chronic pain.

Prevention

Preventing chronic testicular pain involves addressing any underlying conditions promptly and avoiding risk factors such as trauma to the area. Regular self-examinations can help identify any changes early.

See Also

• Testicular cancer
• Orchitis
• Urology

External Links

• Urology Care Foundation - Chronic Scrotal Content Pain