Clinical Lung Cancer

Clinical Lung Cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the lungs. It is one of the most common and deadly forms of cancer worldwide. The disease is primarily caused by smoking, but can also be caused by exposure to asbestos, radon, and certain other environmental factors.

Types of Lung Cancer

There are two main types of lung cancer: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and Small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC is the most common type, accounting for about 85% of all cases. SCLC is less common, but is more aggressive and spreads more quickly.

Non-small cell lung cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer is further divided into three main types: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma begins in the cells that line the alveoli and make substances such as mucus. Squamous cell carcinoma begins in the squamous cells that line the airways. Large cell carcinoma can occur in any part of the lung and tends to grow and spread quickly.

Small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer, also known as oat cell cancer, begins in the bronchi and typically grows and spreads more quickly than non-small cell lung cancer. This type of cancer is almost always caused by smoking.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of lung cancer include a persistent cough, coughing up blood, chest pain, hoarseness, weight loss, and shortness of breath. However, many people with lung cancer do not have symptoms until the disease is advanced.

Diagnosis

Lung cancer is typically diagnosed through a combination of imaging tests, lab tests, and biopsies. Imaging tests such as chest X-rays and CT scans can help identify abnormal areas in the lungs. Lab tests can help determine the type and stage of the cancer. Biopsies involve removing a small sample of tissue for examination under a microscope.

Treatment

Treatment for lung cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health. Options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these. In some cases, palliative care may be recommended to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Prevention

The most effective way to prevent lung cancer is to avoid smoking. For those who smoke, quitting can significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease. Other preventive measures include avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke and harmful substances such as asbestos and radon.