Conn's syndrome

Conn's syndrome is a rare health condition that is characterized by the overproduction of the hormone aldosterone by the adrenal glands. This condition was first described by Jerome W. Conn in 1955, hence the name. Conn's syndrome is also known as primary hyperaldosteronism or primary aldosteronism.

Causes

Conn's syndrome is most commonly caused by a benign tumor of the adrenal gland, known as an adrenal adenoma. In some cases, it can also be caused by hyperplasia of both adrenal glands, a condition known as bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Rarely, it can be caused by an adrenal carcinoma or a familial form of hyperaldosteronism.

Symptoms

The excess aldosterone produced in Conn's syndrome leads to a decrease in potassium levels and an increase in sodium levels in the body. This can result in symptoms such as high blood pressure (hypertension), muscle weakness, fatigue, excessive thirst (polydipsia), excessive urination (polyuria), and in severe cases, paralysis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Conn's syndrome typically involves blood tests to measure levels of aldosterone and renin, a hormone that regulates blood pressure. Imaging tests such as CT scan or MRI may also be used to identify an adrenal adenoma or hyperplasia. In some cases, an adrenal vein sampling may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for Conn's syndrome depends on the underlying cause. If an adrenal adenoma is the cause, surgical removal of the tumor is usually the preferred treatment. For patients with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, medication to block the effects of aldosterone may be used. In all cases, management of high blood pressure is a critical part of treatment.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for Conn's syndrome is generally good. Most patients experience a significant improvement in their symptoms and blood pressure control. However, long-term follow-up is necessary to monitor for potential complications, such as cardiovascular disease.

See also

• Adrenal gland
• Hypertension
• Endocrinology

Conn's syndrome Resources
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