Cord compression

Cord Compression refers to a medical condition where pressure is applied to the spinal cord, leading to a range of symptoms that can vary from mild discomfort to severe neurological deficits, including paralysis. This condition can arise from various causes, including spinal disc herniation, spinal stenosis, tumors, infections, or trauma to the spine. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent damage to the spinal cord.

Causes

Cord compression can be caused by several factors, which can be broadly classified into mechanical and non-mechanical causes. Mechanical causes include:

• Spinal Disc Herniation: The discs between the spinal vertebrae can bulge or rupture, pressing against the spinal cord.
• Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal can compress the cord within.
• Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors within the spine, spinal cord, or surrounding tissues can lead to compression.
• Trauma: Accidents or injuries that cause fractures or dislocations of the vertebrae can compress the spinal cord.

Non-mechanical causes include:

• Infections: Conditions like epidural abscess can lead to swelling and pressure on the spinal cord.
• Inflammatory Diseases: Diseases such as multiple sclerosis can cause inflammation and lesions on the spinal cord.

Symptoms

Symptoms of cord compression can vary depending on the location and severity of the compression but may include:

• Pain in the neck or back
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms, legs, or other areas
• Difficulty with coordination and walking
• Loss of bladder or bowel control

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of cord compression typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests. Imaging tests may include:

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed images of the spinal cord and surrounding structures.
• CT Scan (Computed Tomography): Can help identify tumors, fractures, or other structural causes of compression.

Treatment

Treatment for cord compression depends on the underlying cause but may include:

• Medications: To reduce pain and inflammation.
• Physical Therapy: To strengthen muscles and improve mobility.
• Surgery: In cases where mechanical compression is causing symptoms, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve pressure on the spinal cord.

Prevention

Preventing cord compression involves managing risk factors and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including:

• Regular exercise
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Avoiding activities that risk spinal injury

See Also

• Spinal Cord Injury
• Neurology
• Orthopedics