Cortical visual impairment

Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is a form of visual impairment that is caused by a brain problem rather than an eye problem. CVI is also sometimes referred to as neurological visual impairment (NVI). CVI is the most common cause of permanent visual impairment in children today.

Definition

Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is a decreased visual response due to a neurological problem affecting the visual part of the brain. Typically, a child with CVI will have a normal eye exam or one that cannot explain the abnormal visual behavior.

Causes

CVI is caused by damage to the occipital lobe of the brain, which is responsible for vision. The most common causes of this damage are asphyxia (a lack of oxygen), developmental brain defects, head injury, hydrocephalus (a buildup of fluid in the brain), and infections of the central nervous system, such as meningitis or encephalitis.

Symptoms

Symptoms of CVI can vary greatly from one individual to another, but may include difficulty with visual tasks, such as reading or writing, difficulty recognizing faces or objects, and difficulty with spatial relations.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CVI is typically made through a combination of clinical observation and diagnostic testing. This may include a detailed medical history, a physical examination, and specialized testing to assess visual function.

Treatment

There is no cure for CVI, but some children can improve their functional vision with various interventions. These may include visual stimulation, occupational therapy, and special education services.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with CVI varies greatly depending on the severity of the brain damage and the individual's overall health and development.

See also

• Visual impairment
• Occipital lobe
• Asphyxia
• Hydrocephalus
• Meningitis
• Encephalitis