Decompression illness

Decompression illness (DCI) is a medical condition that can occur in divers who ascend too quickly from a deep dive. It is caused by the formation of gas bubbles in the body's tissues and bloodstream, which can cause a variety of symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to potentially life-threatening complications.

Causes

The primary cause of decompression illness is a rapid decrease in the pressure surrounding the body, which can occur during a quick ascent from a deep dive. This rapid decompression causes the gases dissolved in the body's tissues, primarily nitrogen, to come out of solution and form bubbles. These bubbles can then cause damage to tissues and interfere with normal bodily functions.

Symptoms

Symptoms of decompression illness can vary widely depending on the severity of the condition and the individual diver's physiology. Common symptoms include joint and muscle pain, dizziness, fatigue, and skin rashes. In severe cases, DCI can cause paralysis, unconsciousness, and even death.

Treatment

The primary treatment for decompression illness is hyperbaric oxygen therapy, in which the patient is placed in a chamber filled with pure oxygen at high pressure. This helps to reduce the size of the gas bubbles in the body and promote their reabsorption into the bloodstream. In addition, medications may be used to manage symptoms and prevent further bubble formation.

Prevention

Prevention of decompression illness primarily involves following safe diving practices, such as ascending slowly from deep dives and taking decompression stops as necessary. Divers can also reduce their risk by staying well-hydrated, avoiding alcohol before diving, and not flying within 24 hours of a dive.

See also

• Diving medicine
• Hyperbaric medicine
• Barotrauma