Dihydroxycholecalciferol

Dihydroxycholecalciferol, also known as calcitriol, is a biologically active form of vitamin D. It plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the body, as well as promoting bone health and supporting various physiological processes. This article will provide an overview of dihydroxycholecalciferol, its functions, sources, and related health implications.

Overview

Dihydroxycholecalciferol is a hormone-like substance that is synthesized in the body from its precursor, cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). It is the most active form of vitamin D and is primarily produced in the kidneys. Dihydroxycholecalciferol acts as a hormone by binding to vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in various target tissues, including the intestines, bones, and kidneys.

Functions

The primary function of dihydroxycholecalciferol is to regulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the body. It enhances the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the intestines, promotes their reabsorption in the kidneys, and stimulates the release of calcium from bones when needed. This hormone also plays a role in cell growth, immune function, and the modulation of gene expression.

Sources

Dihydroxycholecalciferol can be obtained through various sources. The most significant source is sunlight exposure, as the skin can synthesize cholecalciferol when exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Additionally, certain foods such as fatty fish (e.g., salmon, mackerel), egg yolks, and fortified dairy products contain small amounts of vitamin D3. Dietary supplements are also available for individuals who have limited sun exposure or inadequate dietary intake.

Health Implications

A deficiency of dihydroxycholecalciferol can lead to various health problems. Insufficient levels of this hormone can result in impaired calcium absorption, leading to weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures. In children, vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets, a condition characterized by soft and weak bones. In adults, it can contribute to osteoporosis, a condition characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk.

On the other hand, excessive levels of dihydroxycholecalciferol can also have adverse effects. Hypercalcemia, a condition characterized by high levels of calcium in the blood, can occur due to excessive vitamin D intake. This can lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and even kidney damage.

See Also

• Vitamin D
• Cholecalciferol
• Calcium
• Osteoporosis